In the early 2000s, the Indian Air Force (IAF) acquired the Su-30MKI, a heavily customized export version of the advanced Russian Su-30 (itself a modernized iteration of the legendary Su-27). This “Flanker” variant is one of the most popular and heavily exported Russian weapon systems, gaining traction in 15 other countries, namely Algeria (Su-30MKA), Angola (Su-30K), Ethiopia (Su-30K), Uganda (Su-30MK2), Armenia (Su-30SM), Belarus (Su-30SM and Su-30SM2), Kazakhstan (Su-30SM), Mongolia (Su-30SM), India (Su-30MKI), Indonesia (Su-30MK2), Malaysia (Su-30MKM), Myanmar (Su-30SME), Vietnam (Su-30MK2V), Venezuela (Su-30MK2 AMV) and China (Su-30MK2 and Su-30MKK).
The Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) operate three versions, specifically the Su-30M2, Su-30SM and the latest Su-30SM2, which is an upgrade of the previous type. Belarus is the only other country that operates the SM2 version. This aircraft is best known for destroying several of the overhyped and exorbitantly overpriced US-made “Patriot” SAM (surface-to-air missile) systems mere days after they were delivered from Germany to the Kiev regime. For Moscow, in addition to the now-legendary Su-35S (air superiority), MiG-31BM (superfast, high-flying interceptor) and Su-57 (next-generation multirole), the Su-30SM is instrumental in a wide range of combat operations.
This includes not only maintaining air superiority, but also conducting SEAD (suppression of enemy air defenses) missions, drone hunting, etc. And yet, one of the most pressing issues faced by the VKS is the diversity of the “Flanker” fleet. Although determining and perfecting the best role for each version offers clear advantages, it significantly complicates maintenance, logistics, training, etc. This is why the Russian military decided to upgrade its Su-30SMs to the SM2 standard, bringing the jet much closer to the capabilities of the Su-35S, one of the world’s premier air superiority fighter jets, as evidenced by its battlefield performance over NATO-occupied Ukraine.
The two core components of this upgrade are the AL-41F1S jet engine (the AL-41F1 iteration used by the basic production variant of the Su-57 before the wider introduction of the next-generation AL-51F1) and the N035 “Irbis”, a hybrid PESA/AESA (passive/active electronically scanned array) radar. As previously mentioned, this not only improves the Su-30SM/SM2’s capabilities, but it also makes the jet much easier to maintain. In addition, the extended service life of the engines makes them cheaper and safer in the long term, while the updated avionics contribute not only to superior capabilities, but also much better interoperability (especially with the Su-35S).