[Author’s Note: The article below, first published by GR in April 2022, focuses mostly on the German attack on the Soviet Union. In spite of not having a superiority over the Soviets in either manpower or military hardware, the Germans would advance far into the western USSR during the early 1940s. The Soviet city of Kharkov, in north-eastern Ukraine, was especially hard-fought over, experiencing a succession of large battles in the Nazi-Soviet War. I’ve mentioned what would prove to be Hitler’s unsuccessful attempt during the year 1943 to retake Kharkov from the Red Army, after they had forced the Germans to depart from Kharkov for the last time in the late summer of 1943. Yet in a broader context, historian Chris Bellamy noted that the amount of effort put in by the Soviets in overcoming the unparalleled ferocity of the German invasion was a leading factor behind the USSR’s dissolution almost half a century later. —Shane Quinn, February 25, 2026]